How God Leads His People
One of my favorite parts of being a father is bedtime. It also can be one of the hardest. But often it’s one of the sweetest. We read. Sometimes we sing. At the end, we pray, or a give a blessing.
The most frequent blessing I repeat is that famous priestly blessing we saw last week at the end of Numbers 6:
“The Lord bless you and keep you;
the Lord make his face to shine upon you and be gracious to you;
the Lord lift up his countenance upon you and give you peace.”
But as good as that is, the best part may actually be the afterward. Don’t miss that final verse, 27, which says,
“So shall they [the priests] put my name upon the people of Israel, and I will bless them.”
God is binding himself, he says, binding his own glory to the blessing, the good, the joy of this people. He is making them his special people. As God, he made all; he is over all; he can have whomever he wants. But he has chosen Israel as his covenant people; he will be their covenant God, and they will be his covenant people. He smiles on them. He delights in them. And so their life as a nation will reflect on him. His name is on them. His glory is bound to them. How it goes with them will show him to the world.
God Wants You to Use Numbers
We have almost four chapters to cover this morning, from 7:1 to 10:10. That’s a sizable section. In fact, the sermon this morning is shorter than our passage. So, how might we go about approaching four chapters in one sermon?
Let me start with three verses in the New Testament that might help our approach to Numbers. Paul said to his disciple in 2 Timothy 3:15–17,
“…from childhood you have been acquainted with the sacred writings [that’s the Old Testament Scriptures, including Numbers], which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. All Scripture [including Numbers] is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work.”
I see three truths here about the Old Testament in general and, for us, Numbers in particular:
First, Numbers is breathed out by God. This book is from God. It is his word to us. His word, from inside him, so to speak, breathed out in his voice, through his prophet. How amazing to have the word of God, as we do in Numbers.
Second, Numbers is able to make us wise for salvation through faith in Jesus. This book is eternally valuable and priceless, that is, able to help us receive God’s rescue from our sins, and from the hell we deserve — and that rescue is not apart from Jesus but “through faith in Christ Jesus.”
And, third, Numbers is profitable (Greek ōphelimos) — that is, helpful, valuable, beneficial, useful for the Christian life. It is useful for teaching, reproof, correction, and training in right living. God means for us to use Scripture — did you know that? Not use as in abuse, but use as in do something with it. Take it off the shelf, read it, meditate on it, know it, cherish it, imbibe it, feed on it, have it change you from the inside, and extend out into your outer and external life, in obedience and holiness. Use it. Do you?
So, brothers and sisters, this is God’s word, breathed out from him for us; it saves eternally through Jesus; and its useful even now in our lives.
Now, let’s lay these three truths onto our approach to Numbers 7-10 this morning. We’ll ask three questions:
(1) What did God breathe out here for us to know? What do these chapters tell us? Here I’ll summarize the chapters.
(2) What might be useful here for us in our Christian lives? How might these chapters teach us, reprove us, correct us, train us in how to live?
Then (3) most importantly, how do these chapters make us wise for salvation through Jesus? Where do we see Jesus here, and what might we freshly appreciate and love about Jesus in these chapters?
So, (1) what to know, (2) how to live, and (3) who to love…
1. What Do We Need to Know?
I’ll start with a disclaimer about knowing. Knowing with the mind or head knowledge is increasingly devalued in our day. We live in the Information Age. Mere knowledge can be so easy to come by. That’s true. And, mark this, when we come to the Bible, to God’s breathed-out Book, to what he wants us to hear and know, we need to make some careful distinctions.
For one, while we may live in the Information Age, we also live in times of great biblical illiteracy. Christians don’t read and know the whole Bible, from Genesis to Revelation, like we once did. Many of us don’t know Numbers! And this is a problem for us. How will God’s breathed-out words work on us to draw us to Jesus, and how will we put his word to work in our lives, if we don’t know his word?
We have to start somewhere. We start with knowing. And we confess: Bible knowledge is not the goal of the Christian life. But it is vital and precious, for starters, that we know God’s breathed-out words.
Jesus thought so. Again and again in the Gospels, he says, Have you not read? And Paul thought so. Again and again in his letters, Paul says, Do you not know?
Yes, Christianity is far more than just knowing God’s breathed-out words, but it is not less.
So, let’s ask, What do we need to know here in Numbers 7-10? Let’s take a quick flyover of these four chapters, before we land to linger in a couple places.
These first ten chapters of Numbers are where the promise of God dwelling among his people actually begins to happen. God had said in Exodus 25:8, “let them make me a sanctuary, that I may dwell in their midst.” And Exodus 29:45, “I will dwell among the people of Israel and will be their God.” The book of Exodus ended with his glory coming to the tabernacle, but at that point his Dwelling is outside the camp of the people. Promise not fulfilled yet.
Then Leviticus focuses on the priests. And now, in Numbers, God situates his people around him, tribe by tribe. He dwells in their midst, at the center. This is the joy and wonder and glory of these opening chapters of Numbers: God, in all his holiness, is dwelling among his people, despite all their sin.
God’s sinful, rebellious people cannot approach his holiness on their own merit or on their own terms. If there will be any nearness, any dwelling together, God must take the initiative. Which he does. In fact, he delights to do so. He smiles —his face shines — on his people. Nobody’s twisting God’s arm here. He delights to dwell with his people.
In these opening chapters, then, he sets up the camp that will journey through the wilderness from Sinai to the Promised Land. And what must you do before heading out? You need to stock the house.
Chapter 7
Chapter 7 gets the nation ready to hit the road. All twelve tribes provide the Levites with six wagons to transport the Dwelling. And all together the tribes stock the tabernacle with the animals and furnishings the priests will need for the sacrifices — and the main point is that all the tribes are all in. This is the fellowship of Israel. I can’t help but think of the meeting in Rivendale. Twelve companions. Each tribe is all in.
Now, the tribes are not all the same. They each have unique identities and histories. And there is an order; Judah goes first, not by accident. Still, each tribe contributes equally to the stock needed for sacrifices.
The tension builds as you read chapter 7. First, Judah contributes on day one: one silver plate, one silver basin, both full of fine flour mixed with oil; one golden dish, full of incense; one bull from the herd, one ram, one male lamb a year old; one male goat; two oxen, five rams, five more male goats, and five more male lambs a year old.
Then comes Issachar on day two. You read on. Same gifts. Day three: Zebulun. Confirmed, exact same gifts. Day four: Reuben. Ditto. With each day, each tribe, we find out if the next will be the same as previous. Will some tribe drop the ball, or try to show out? Finally, day twelve, Naphtali, and it’s confirmed: all twelve are all in, an equal fellowship of the tribes. All have an equal share as the covenant people of God.
And yet, within the covenant, there is still order among the twelve. The camp is divided into four sections, each with one tribe in the lead.
But the striking impression given in chapter 7 is not the tribal chiefs or the section leaders but the fellowship. All twelve tribes share in God. They are equal partners in the covenant with Yahweh. He is their God; they are his people. The distinctions among them, and their various orderings within the camp, do not make any of the tribes any more, or less, the covenant people of God.
Chapter 8
Then comes chapter 8: lamps and Levites. Verses 1-4 bring back the lampstand already mentioned in Exodus 25 and 37, but it’s worth mentioning here, at the end of chapter 7, because of what it means: God shines his light on the twelve tribes (like the shining of Aaron’s blessing). The lampstand is arranged across from the bread of the presence, 12 flat loaves representing the 12 tribes. The light is the smile of God shining on his people.
Which then raises the question about the one tribe that was set apart: Levi. By serving in their role they make it possible for the people to approach God, on his terms, rather than incurring his wrath. So, the rest of the chapter 8, verses 5-26, brings us to the appointment and installation of the Levites. Remember the Levites are different than the priests. The Levites are a whole tribe. The priests are just Moses’s brother, Aaron, and his offspring. The priests perform the sacrifices; the Levites guard and move the mobile Dwelling. And the Levites are not appointed because they are best fit to curate a museum, but best fit to take a fight.
They are warriors, the warlike tribe. They will guard the holiness of God’s Dwelling in the center. Later in Israel’s history, when the Dwelling becomes fixed and doesn’t need to move (the temple), the Levites will lead in singing, clean the Dwelling, and kill the sacrificial animals for the priests to then offer up. But for now, they’re the guards, assigned to protect the premises of the Dwelling, and move the tent from place to place.
Chapter 9
In chapter 9, now, the camp is about ready to head out, at last. The people celebrate the first Passover since being freed from Egypt. One year has passed since they went out from Egypt. Verses 1-14 review the Passover details and make provision for those who miss it, because of uncleanness or travel, to celebrate it one month later.
The rest of the passage tells us how God will lead the people on the journey. The visible cloud and fire, confirming God’s invisible presence in the Dwelling, will tell the camp when to remain and when to set out (9:15-23). And we’ll say more about this in a minute.
Chapter 10
Finally, two silver trumpets in chapter 10, verses 1-10, will signal for the people to gather together or to break camp. If the priests blow both, the congregation gathers. Blow only one, and just the chiefs gather. Sound an alarm (with short blows) and the tribes on the east side, led by Judah, break camp. Another alarm and the south tribes set out, then west, then north. Next weekend we’ll turn to 10:11 (through chapter 12) where we’ll see the cloud first lift and the people head out.
2. How Might We Use This Text?
Now I want to come back to 9:17-23, which we read before the sermon. Its repetitions give it a kind of poetic quality that sets it off from the rest of the sections. These are the directions for the journey and how God will lead the camp. He will decide when they stay put, and for how long, and when they go, and how far they go. When the cloud moves, follow the cloud. When the cloud stops, set up camp.
God himself, through his cloud and fire — his Spirit — will set the rhythms and cadences of the journey. And he doesn’t tell them the plan ahead of time. Following him will require daily observation and readiness. The camp will move through the wilderness at God’s pace and in God’s timing, going God’s direction. His people’s journey will not be according to their own preferences and choices but his.
Can you imagine your life being like this? Daily, hourly watching and wondering when the cloud will move. Or while on the journey, getting tired, and waiting for the cloud to stop? How much might this unnerve some of us? And how much might this be a balm to others? I’m sure this would frustrate some of us deeply, and thrill others of us.
Which raises the question for us of what it’s like for us today, in the new covenant? God still leads and guides his people’s daily movement or abiding, their going or staying, and God still does so in his own unpredictable, often inconvenient timing. Back then he prompted them with a visible external spirit/fire (the cloud) but now he prompts us through his invisible indwelling spirit/fire, the Holy Spirit. God gives us his word. He shapes our souls with his speech. And the risen Christ has poured out his Spirit that we might receive him, and he might dwell in us, in a way he did not for the people of the Old Testament. It is awesome to have the Spirit of God in us! And to have God’s word in Scripture, and have fellows in the faith to counsel us.
Consider two dangers, among others, for us today: (1) the first is quintessentially American: we ignore the indwelling Spirit and don’t pray for and seek to be sensitive to his promptings. We just go about our lives and make our own decisions, like the secular world, in practical atheism. Or (2) the super-spiritual alternative: we seek to be led by God, through his Spirit, but don’t exercise caution (about own indwelling sin), but are overly simple or self-serving, about his possible promptings. We presume God’s speaking with a clarity that he is not. His promptings in us are not the same as God’s speaking to Moses.
So, instead of saying, “God told me . . .” we say, “God may be prompting me ...” We first seek to become a kind of person who can discern God’s will (Romans 12:2). And we pray for the Spirit’s prompting, and seek to be sensitive to his leading, and humbly seek confirmation from his people, our fellows. And then we speak and live without presumption — without presuming to be our own master, and without presuming, “Thus sayeth the Lord . . . .”
3. Who Do We Love?
Or we might say, where do we see our Lord in this text? Where do we see Jesus, through whom all Scripture, including Numbers, makes us wise for salvation?
We could talk about the altar, where the priests were to make daily sacrifices, and for which the tribes provided all the stock of chapter 7. In Christ, our altar, once and for all, is Calvary, the cross of Christ, where the precious Son of God, our great high priest and the final sacrifice gave himself once and for all that we might draw near to God.
And we could talk about the trumpets. As Jesus himself said, one day he will return “with power and great glory” and “will send out his angels with a loud trumpet call, and they will gather his elect from the four winds” (Matt 24:31). Or as Paul says in 1 Thessalonians 4:16, “the Lord himself will descend from heaven with a cry of command, with the voice of an archangel, and with the sound of the trumpet of God. And the dead in Christ will rise.” (see also 1 Cor 15:51-52)
Or we could talk about the great substitution of chapter 8, verses 16-19. The Levites are substitutes for all the firstborn of the tribes of Israel. Instead of taking them for service of the tabernacle, God substitutes the martial tribe of Levi (Moses’ and Aaron’s own tribe) and gives them to the priests to guard and transport the Dwelling (8:16-19).
But let me finish with just two: first, this marvel of Moses speaking with God “face to face.” These chapters turn on God speaking to Moses:
6:22: the Lord spoke to Moses, saying…
8:1, 5, 23: the Lord spoke to Moses, saying…
9:1: And the Lord spoke to Moses in the wilderness…
9:9; 10:1: the Lord spoke to Moses, saying…
And 9:23 connects God’s speaking to Moses to the 12 mentions of God’s commands in these chapters.
These chapters turn on God speaking. And how?
The key verse is 7:89. Listen for the emphasis on Moses hearing and God speaking:
“…when Moses went into the tent of meeting to speak with the Lord, he heard the voice speaking to him from above the mercy seat that was on the ark of the testimony, from between the two cherubim; and it spoke to him.”
At the center of the people is the Dwelling. And at the center of the Dwelling is God. And what does he do? He speaks, and speaks, and speaks.
Now, a question that comes to mind is, Did Moses see God? We’re going to hear next week, in chapter 12, verse 8, God say, “With [Moses] I speak mouth to mouth, clearly, and not in riddles, and he beholds the form of the Lord.” And you might remember from Exodus 33 that “the Lord would speak . . . to speak to Moses face to face, as a man speaks to his friend” (verses 9-11). Face to face?
What does that mean? How did Moses speak with the Lord? It means something. It’s an expression of how clearly Moses heard from God and how closely he could speak with him.
However, it’s qualified, and “face to face” is explained with “as a man speaks to his friend.” “Face to face” is an idiom, an expression. The point is closeness and clarity. Literal beholding is unthinkable — until Jesus.
In Christ, a day is coming when we ourselves will see God face to face in the face of Jesus Christ. We will see him as even Moses could not see God. And till then, God’s audible word remains at the center, as so precious to us, for knowing who God is, and who his Son is, and his Spirit. At the center of the camp was God’s word through Moses. And at the center of the church is God’s Word in and through Jesus. And one day we will see him face to face.
Our Lamb, God’s Smile
Finally, the Passover lamb, which brings us to the Table. I’m sure there was so little that wilderness generation understood. They did not know the fullness of what God was up to. They didn’t know that God himself would come as the Lion of Judah and as the final Passover Lamb. They didn’t know that there would be a once-and-for-all altar at Calvary, and that one day God’s trumpet would sound for Christ’s second coming. They didn’t know the fullness of substitution, and that Moses speaking so closely with God would one day be surpassed by all God’s new-covenant people seeing Jesus face to face.
But you know what they did know, or should have? Oh they should have known grace. As they made arrangements to celebrate that first ritual Passover at Sinai, one year after the original Passover in Egypt, consider all that had transpired in that last year. They had grumbled and grumbled. They had doubted God could save them at the Red Sea. They had grown impatient waiting for Moses and forged a golden calf to worship. Oh what it must have been like to celebrate that first Passover — not as spotless, self-confidence people but as humbled, self-consciously sinful, desperately needy, undeserving people, recipients of grace, not achievers of merit. And yet God smiled.
Which is how we come to the Table, this fulfillment of the Passover. “Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed” (1 Corinthians 5:7). And the word of God, including Numbers, is able to make us wise for salvation through him. To secure for us the grace of God’s smile on us and delight to welcome us to his Table.
